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The level 2 course is a 4-day program that provides backcountry leaders the opportunity to advance their avalanche knowledge and decision making skills. This course also includes the introductory and prerequisite components for the professional progression: the level 3 certificate.

The Level 2 builds from the introductory avalanche hazard management model introduced in the level one and adds to it the evaluation of factors critical to stability evaluation.

Student Learning Outcomes

• Advance understanding of avalanche terrain, particularly from the perspective of stability analysis.
• Discuss how the snowpack develops and metamorphoses over time; and discuss the factors that contribute to spatial variability.
• Learn standard observation guidelines and recording formats for factors that influence or indicate snow stability. SWAG MODULE.
• Advance understanding of avalanche release and triggering mechanisms.
• Introduce a snow stability analysis and forecasting framework.
• Improve companion rescue skills including multiple and deep burials.

Instructional Sessions (40 hours including both class and field) include:

• Level 1 Review
• Energy balance, the mountain snowpack and metamorphism
• Faceting; near surface and near crust faceting
• Formation of surface hoar and persistent weak layers
• Skier Triggering: theory and observations
• International and national snow, weather and avalanche observation and recording guidelines (SWAG).
  - Weather; interpreting forecasts, recording and observation techniques
  - Snow profile techniques and bonding tests
  - Avalanche observations and recording techniques
• Stability analysis checklist: reviewing critical factors
  - Stability ratings
  - Daily stability forecasts and analysis
• Trip Planning and hazard forecasting for avalanche terrain.
  - The avalanche danger ratings
  - Terrain analysis using maps/photos
  - Forecasting stability and variability
• Terrain selection and route finding
  - Group management and hazard management
  - Decision making
  - Human factors
• Information gathering
  - Site selection and relevancy
  - Spatial variability
  - Slope tests
• Companion Rescue
  - Level 1 techniques review
  - Multiple burial
  - Shovel techniques

Student Prerequisites: Students must have the ability to travel in avalanche terrain. An AIARE Level 1 Course (strongly recommended) or equivalent training/experience is required. A winter of practical experience after the Level 1 course is recommended before taking the Level 2 course.